It is characterized by a rash that is described as redness, dryness, cracking and itching. Atopic dermatitis usually appears at a very young age and affects approximately 10-15% of adults. Children suffering from atopic dermatitis at a young age often develop asthma, allergies and allergic rhinitis as they age. Lesions associated with atopic dermatitis are generally located on the face, neck and skin folds for infants and children, as well as on the arms and abdomen for all age groups (including the hands for adults). .
We understand more about the origins of atopic dermatitis. This depends on several factors, both genetic and environmental.
There is a defect in the skin barrier (genetic abnormalities affecting the structure and function of the skin barrier) and an exaggerated response of the immune system, causing the unwanted inflammatory reaction. It seems that certain factors can predispose a child to develop or not develop atopic dermatitis, such as the hereditary factor (do one or both parents suffer (or have suffered in the past) from dermatitis, asthma, allergies?); environmental factors (does the child live in an industrialized country (pollution), cold climate, etc.?) and many others.
To date, no specific test is used to make a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. The observation of an itchy rash accompanied by other signs observed by parents such as a child scratching frequently, cranky, difficult to sleep, will help the doctor make the diagnosis. The distribution of lesions on the body and family history (family history) will also support the diagnosis.
In addition to the sleep disorders caused by atopic dermatitis in young children as well as crying and irritability which can, needless to say, have a considerable impact on the whole family, it should be noted that untreated dermatitis can cause some complications such as bacterial superinfection by Staphylococcus aureus or the herpes virus and, in rare cases, ophthalmological complications. Treatment with antibiotics or antiviral treatment will then be required and recommended by the healthcare professional.
Some tips for managing atopic dermatitis
1) The bath (or shower) should be short, around 5-10 minutes in lukewarm water so as not to dry out the skin.
2) Avoid soaps and other scented bath products (foaming solution) Dry the skin by dabbing with the towel, never rub.
3) Moisturize the skin, once or twice a day, after getting out of the bath when the skin is still slightly damp after having gently wiped it, with the moisturizing cream that has been recommended to you. A cream will prove much more hydrating than a lotion.
4) If a medicinal solution has been recommended to you, apply it AFTER the moisturizer. Ideally, a waiting period of 15 to 20 minutes between applications is advised, but if this is not possible, it can be applied immediately after the moisturizer.
5) Keep nails trimmed short.
6) Maintain an adequate room temperature level: neither too hot and humid, nor too cold (to avoid sweating or dry skin which can trigger the rash) and make sure to ventilate the house well.
7) Choose unscented detergents for sensitive skin and avoid fabric softeners.
8) Choose clothes made of cotton rather than synthetic fibers and wool.
9) Avoid allergens if applicable (cat, dog, dust mites).
10) Try to keep the humidity at 40% in the house, especially in winter
Myths and facts about atopic dermatitis
Eczema is contagious:
Dermatitis is not caught through contact with another affected person. It is rather a chronic skin disease, of hereditary origin involving other environmental factors.
You should avoid taking a bath or shower which risks aggravating the situation:
Contrary to popular belief, taking a bath or shower offers several benefits to the person suffering from atopic dermatitis, namely soothing and cleansing the skin in order to prepare it well to receive moisturizing cream and medicated cream if necessary. However, it is important that the bath (or shower) is short, in lukewarm water and that appropriate cleaning products are used. Remember to always moisturize the skin after bathing or showering.
Dermatitis is caused by allergies:
We now know that food allergies do not cause atopic dermatitis, but if an individual has atopic dermatitis, it is possible that food allergies may worsen the signs and symptoms of dermatitis. It is important to understand that individuals suffering from atopic dermatitis are at greater risk of presenting other so-called “atopic” conditions, including asthma and allergies, so it is completely normal to observe these reactions simultaneously. However, if an allergy is suspected, it is important to speak to a healthcare professional.
Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Options
The objectives of treating atopic dermatitis are essentially to avoid worsening of rashes, calm and soothe irritated skin, reduce associated stress and prevent the risk of secondary infection. In all cases, a health professional will provide advice on skin care (hydration) as well as lifestyle and sometimes drug treatment may be instituted. As such, we will classify the available options into four categories:
1) Corticosteroids: These are effective anti-inflammatory agents available in different strengths and concentrations, ranging from weak to strong.
2) Calcineurin inhibitors: These are topical immunosuppressive agents effective in reducing irritation and preventing the appearance of new eczematous outbreaks.
3) Antibiotics: They are used to treat secondary bacterial infections, complications related to scratching and inflammation associated with dermatitis.
4) Phototherapy: For severe cases of dermatitis, exposure to an ultraviolet light lamp, in a dermatological office, may be recommended to help reduce symptoms.
5) Antihistamines: These can be helpful in reducing itching and helping with sleep.
In conclusion, atopic dermatitis is a chronic disease that can be controlled but cannot be CURED. It is mainly present in children and tends to decrease with age. Atopic dermatitis not only bothers the person who suffers from it but can also have an impact on the whole family. A health professional will be able to identify the factors that aggravate eczematous outbreaks and advise the affected person on the best way to prevent or treat them.
A good skin care routine accompanied by the right medication treatments will help relieve inflammation and itching in those affected and regain a good quality of life.